Global Rating Scales

Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS)

Task-Based Checklists

Hand Tracking

• SurgicalHand Tracking in Open Surgery Using a Versatile Motion Sensing System: Are We There Yet?

  • Genovese et al 2016

• Using Contact Forces and Robot Arm Accelerations to Automatically Rate Surgeon Skill at Peg Transfer.

  • Brown et al 2016

Motion Tracking System and Analysis

• Basic Surgical Skill Retention: Can Patriot Motion Tracking System Provide an Objective Measurement for it?
  • Shaharan et al 2016

• Three-dimensional motion tracking correlates with skill level in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

  • Arnold et al 2015

• Operative skill: quantifying surgeon's response to tissue properties.

  • D'Angelo et al 2015

• Idle time: an underdeveloped performance metric for assessing surgical skill.

  • D'Angelo et al 2015

• Working volume: validity evidence for a motion-based metric of surgical efficiency.

  • D'Angelo et al 2015

• Analysis of hand motion differentiates expert and novice surgeons.

  • Uemura et al 2014

Tracking Head Movement???

• Accelerometer Measurement of Head Movement During Laparoscopic Surgery as a Tool to Evaluate Skill Development of Surgeons.

  • Viriyasiripong S et al

EEG???

• Electroencephalographic Monitoring of Brain Wave Activity During Laparoscopic Surgical Simulation to Measure Surgeon Concentration and Stress: Can the Student Become the Master?

Video-based Feedback

• Affordable, web-based surgical skill training and evaluation tool.
  • Islam et al 2016

Expert/Senior Opinion

• Continuous, data-rich appraisal of surgical trainees' operative abilities: a novel approach for measuring performance and providing feedback.
  • Roach et al 2009